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SAE J429 Bolts Specification

SAE J429 Scope

SAE J429 Standard covers the mechanical and material requirements for inch series carbon and alloy steel bolts, screws, studs, 12 Point Bolts & U Bolts upto 1-1/2 inch. Bolts, screws and StudBolts are normally available in Grades 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, and 8.2.

Related Specifications of SAE J429 Bolting

ISO 898-1 ISO 898-2 SAE J995 A193 F2281

SAE J429 Chemical Composition

Grade Designation Products Nominal Size Dia, In Material C,
Min		 C,
Max		 Mn,
Min		 P,
Max		 S,
Max		 B,
Min		 B,
Max		 Grade ldentification Marking
1 Bolts, Screws, Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 Low or Medium Carbon Steel 0.55 0.025 0.025 None
2 Bolts, Screws, Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 Low or Medium Carbon Steel 0.15 0.55 0.025 0.025(2) None
4 Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 Medium Carbon Steel 0.28 0.55 0.025 0.13 None
5 Bolts, Screws, Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 Medium Carbon Steel(3) or 0.28 0.55 0.025 0.025(4) TB Grade ldentification Marking
Carbon Steel with additives (e.g. Boron(6) or Cr, 0.15 0.40 0.025 0.025(4) 0.0005 0.003 TB Grade ldentification Marking
5.1(5) SEMS No 4 thru 5/8 Low or Medium Carbon Steel(3) 0.15 0.30 0.025 0.025 TB Grade ldentification Marking
5.2 Bolts, Screws 1/4 thru 1 Low Carbon Boron Steel(5) 0.15 0.25 0.74 0.025 0.025 0.0005 0.003 TB Grade ldentification Marking
8 Bolts,
Screws,
Studs		 1/4 thru 1-1/2 Medium Carbon Steel Or 0.25 0.55 0.025 0.025(4) TB Grade ldentification Marking
Alloys(s, 7, 8)
Steel with
additives
(e.g. Bo-
ron<9 l or Cr,
or Mn) Or		 0.20 0.55 0.025 0.025(4) TB Grade ldentification Marking
Medium
Carbon(6 · 7 • 8
)
Alloy Steel		 0.28 0.55 0.025 0.025 TB Grade ldentification Marking
8.1 Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 Medium Carbon Alloy (5 7 * 8) or SAE 1541 Steel 0.28 0.55 0.025 0.040 None
8.2 Bolts, Screws 1/4 thru 1 Low Carbon Boron SteeI (5) 0.15 0.25 0.74 0.025 0.025 0.0005 0.003 TB Grade ldentification Marking
  • All values are for product analysis (percent by weight). For cast or heat analysis, use standard permissible varia­ tions as shown in SAE J409.
  • For studs only, sulfur content may be 0.33% maximum.
  • For Grades 5 and 5.1, fasteners, medium carbon boron or medium carbon alloy steels, as specified for Grade 8 fasteners, may also be used at the manufacturer's option.
  • For studs only, sulfur content may be 0.13% maximum.
  • Grade 5 material heat treated before assembly with a hardened washer is an acceptable substitute.
  • When the carbon content in boron steel is less than 0.25% the minimum manganese shall be 0.60% for Grades 5, 5.1, and 5.2 and 0.70% for Grades 8, 8.1, and 8.2.
  • Alloy steel shall contain at least one of the following elements in the minimum quantity given: chromium 0.30%, nickel 0.30%, molybdenum 0.20%, vanadium 0.10%, manganese 1.65%. Where elements are specified in combi­ nations of two, three, four, or five and have alloy contents less than those given above, the limit value to be applied for steel class determination is 70% of the sum of the individual limit values shown above for the two, three, four or five elements concerned.
  • When alloy steels are in the "as quenched" condition, prior to tempering, the microstructure in the core of the threaded section shall be approximately 90% martensite (refer to Table 3).
  • When boron is added the limits shall be 0.0005% to 0.003%.

SAE J429 Mechanical Requirements and Identification

Grade Designation Products Nominal Size Dia, In Full Size(7)Bolts, Screws, Studs, Sems, Proof Load (Stress), psi Full Size(7)Bolts, Screws, Studs, Sems, Tensile Strength (Stress) Min, psi Machine Test Specimens of Bolts, Screws, and Studs Yield(2)Strength (Stress) Min, psi Machine Test Specimens of Bolts, Screws, and Studs Tensile Strength (Stress) Min, psi Machine Test Specimens of Bolts, Screws, and Studs Elongation Min,% Machine Test Specimens of Bolts, Screws, and Studs Reduction of Area Min,% Surface Hardness Rockwell 30N Max Core Hardness Rockwell Min Core Hardness Rockwell Max Grade Identification Marking(3)
1 Bolts, Screws, Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 33,000(4) 60,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 - B70 B100 None
2 Bolts, Screws, Studs 1/4 thru 3/415) 55,000(4) 74,000 57,000 74,000 18 35 - B80 B100 None
Over 3/4 thru 1-1/2 33,000 60,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 - B70 B100 None
4 Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 65,000 115,000 100,000 115,000 10 35 - C22 C32 None
5 Bolts, Screws, Studs 1/4 thru 1 85,000 120,000 92,000 120,000 14 35 54 C25 C34 TB Grade ldentification Marking
Over 1 thru 1-1/2 74,000 105,000 81,000 105,000 14 35 50 C19 C30 TB Grade ldentification Marking
5.1(6) SEMS No. 4 thru 5/8 85,000 120,000 - - - - 59.5 C25 C40 TB Grade ldentification Marking
5.2 Bolts, Screws 1/4 thru 1 85,000 120,000 92,000 120,000 14 35 56 C26 C36 TB Grade ldentification Marking
8 Bolts, Screws, Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 120,000 150,000 130,000 150,000 12 35 58.6 C33 C39 TB Grade ldentification Marking
8.1 Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 120,000 150,000 130,000 150,000 10 35 58.6 C33 C39 None
8.2 Bolts, Screws 1/4 thru 1 120,000 150,000 130,000 150,000 10 35 58.6 C33 C39 TB Grade ldentification Marking
  • See footnote 2 of the Scope.
  • Yield strength is stress at which a permanent set of 0.2% of gage length occurs.
  • Not applicable to studs or slotted and cross recess head products.
  • Proof load test. Requirements in these grades only apply to stress relieved products.
  • Grade 2 requirements for sizes 1/4 through 3/4 in. apply only to bolts and screws 6 in. and shorter in length, and to studs of all lengths. For bolts and screws longer than 6 in., Grade 1 requirements shall apply.
  • Grade 5 material heat treatment before assembly with a hardened washer is an acceptable substitute.
  • Full Size means a tension test specimen consisting of a completed fastener for testing in the ready to use condition without alteration.

Mechanical Testing Requirements For Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Sems

Product Grade Specified Minimum Ultimate Tensile Load "lb" Length of Product (1 4) Hardness(2) Max Hardness(1) Min Tests Conducted Using Full Size Products(1) Proof Load Tests Conducted Using Full Size Products(1) Wedge Tensile Strength
Short Bolts and Screws 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2 All Less than 2-1/20 * * - -
Special Head(5) Bolts and Screws 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2 All All * * - -
Square and Hex Bolts and Screws 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2 100,000 and less 2-1/20 to 80 or 8 in., whichever is greater * - Option C *
Over 80 or8 in., whichever is greater, thru and including 12 in. * - Option C *
Over 12 in. * - Option C Option A
Over 100,000 2-1/20 and longer * - Option C Option A
All Other Bolts and Screws 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2 100,000 and less 2-1/20 to 80 or 8 in., whichever is greater * - Option C -
Over 80 or 8 in., whichever is greater * - Option C -
Over 100,000 2-1/20 and longer * - Option C -
Short Studs 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 8.1 All Less than 30 * * - -
All Other Studs 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 8.1 100,000 and less 30 to 80 or 8 in., whichever is greater * - Option C *
Over 80 or 8 in., whichever is greater * - Option C Option A
Over 100,000 30 and longer * - Option C Option A
Short Bolts, Screws and Sems 5.1 All Less than 2-1/20 * * - -
Hex Head Bolts, Screws and Sems 5.1 All 2-1/20 and longer * - Option C *
Other Bolts, Screws and Sems 5.1 All 2-1/20 and longer * - Option C -
Product Grade Tests Conducted Using Full Size Products<1> Axial Tensile Strength Tests Conducted Using Machine Test Specimens<1> Yield Strength Tests Conducted Using Machine Test Specimens<1> Axial Tensile Strength Tests Conducted Using Machine Test Specimen<1> Elongation Tests Conducted Using Machine Test Specimens<1> Reduction of Area Surface Hardness max<3> Decarburization in Threaded Section<2>
Short Bolts and Screws 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2 - - - - - * Option C
Special Head(5) Bolts and Screws 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2 - - - - - * Option C
Square and Hex Bolts and Screws 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2 - - - - - * Option C
- Option B Option B Option B Option B * Option C
- Option B Option B Option B Option B * Option C
- Option B Option B Option B Option B * Option C
All Other Bolts and Screws 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2 * - - - - * Option C
Option A Option B Option B Option B Option B * Option C
Option A Option B Option B Option B Option B * Option C
Short Studs 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 8.1 - - - - - * Option C
All Other Studs 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 8.1 - - - - - * Option C
- Option B Option B Option B Option B * Option C
- Option B Option B Option B Option B - Option C
Short Bolts, Screws and Sems 5.1 - - - - - * Option C
Hex Head Bolts, Screws and Sems 5.1 - - - - - * Option C
Other Bolts, Screws and Sems 5.1 * - - - - * Option C
Tests to be performed in accordance with paragraph 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.2 4.5
  • For purposes of Table 4 requirements, "length of product" is the nominal length including point chamfer as defined in ASME B18.2.1 and all special point products which shall be measured from the bearing surface to the crest of the last complete thread form.
  • Asterisks (*) denote mandatory tests. Where options are indicated, all Option A tests (which apply to full size products) or all Option B tests (which apply to machined specimens) shall be performed. Option C tests (which apply to full size products) are not mandatory unless specified in the original inquiry and purchase order. Option A and Option C tests shall be performed in case arbitration is necessary.
  • Surface hardness and decarburization requirements apply only to Grades 5, 5.1, 5.2, 8, 8.1, and 8.2.
  • D equals diameter of the product.
  • Special head bolts and screws are those with special configurations or with drilled heads which are weaker than the threaded section.

Proof Load And Tensile Strength Requirements

Nominal Dia of Product and Threads per in. Stress Area, in2 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 4 Grade 5 & 5.2(2) Grade 5.1 Grade 8, 8.1, 8.2(2)
Proof Load, lb Tensile Strength Min, lb Proof Load, lb Tensile Strength Min, lb Proof Load, lb Tensile Strength Min, lb Proof Load, lb Tensile Strength Min, lb Proof Load, lb Tensile Strength Min, lb Proof Load, lb Tensile Strength Min, lb
Coarse Thread Series UNC
No. 6-32 0.00909 - - - - - - - - 750 1,100 - -
8-32 0.014 - - - - - - - - 1,200 1,700 - -
10-24 0.0175 - - - - - - - - 1,500 2,100 - -
12-24 0.0242 - - - - - - - - 2,050 2,900 - -
1/4-20 0.0318 1,050 1,900 1,750 2,350 2,050 3,650 2,700 3,800 2,700 3,800 3,800 4,750
5/16-18 0.0524 1,750 3,150 2,900 3,900 3,400 6,000 4,450 6,300 4,450 6,300 6,300 7,850
3/8-16 0.0775 2,550 4,650 4,250 5,750 5,050 8,400 6,600 9,300 6,600 9,300 9,300 11,600
7/16-14 0.1063 3,500 6,400 5,850 7,850 6,900 12,200 9,050 12,800 9,050 12,800 12,800 15,900
1/2-13 0.1419 4,700 8,500 7,800 10,500 9,200 18,300 12,100 17,000 12,100 17,000 17,000 21,300
9/16-12 0.182 6,000 10,900 10,000 13,500 11,800 20,900 15,500 21,800 15,500 21,800 21,800 27,300
5/8-12 0.226 7,450 13,600 12,400 16,700 14,700 25,400 19,200 27,100 19,200 27,100 27,100 33,900
3/4-10 0.334 11,000 20,000 18,400 24,700 21,700 38,400 28,400 40,100 - - 40,100 50,100
7/8-9 0.462 15,200 27,700 15,200 27,700 30,000 53,100 39,300 55,400 - - 55,400 69,300
1-8 0.606 20,000 36,400 20,000 36,400 39,400 69,700 51,500 72,700 - - 72,700 90,900
1-1/8-7 0.763 25,200 45,800 25,200 45,800 49,600 87,700 56,500 80,100 - - 91,600 1,14,400
1-1/4-7 0.969 32,000 58,100 32,000 58,100 63,000 1,11,400 71,700 1,01,700 - - 1,16,300 1,45,400
1-3/8-6 1.155 38,100 69,300 38,100 69,300 75,100 1,32,800 85,500 1,21,300 - - 1,38,600 1,73,200
1-1/2-6 1.405 46,400 84,300 46,400 84,300 91,300 1,61,600 1,04,000 1,47,500 - - 1,68,600 2,10,800
Fine Thread Series UNF
No. 6-40 0.01015 - - - - - - - - 850 1,200 - -
8-36 0.01474 - - - - - - - - 1,250 1,750 - -
10-32 0.02 - - - - - - - - 1,700 2,400 - -
12-28 0.0258 - - - - - - - - 2,200 3,100 - -
1/4-28 0.0364 1,200 2,200 2,000 2,700 2,350 4,200 3,100 4,350 3,100 4,350 4,350 5,450
5/16-24 0.058 1,900 3,500 3,200 4,300 3,750 6,700 4,900 6,950 4,900 6,950 6,950 8,700
3/8-24 0.0878 2,900 5,250 4,800 6,500 5,700 10,100 7,450 10,500 7,450 10,500 10,500 13,200
7/16-20 0.1187 3,900 7,100 6,550 8,800 7,700 13,650 10,100 14,200 10,100 14,200 14,200 17,800
1/2-20 0.1599 5,300 9,600 8,800 11,800 10,400 18,400 13,600 19,200 13,600 19,200 19,200 24,000
9/16-18 0.203 6,700 12,200 11,200 15,000 13,200 23,300 17,300 24,400 17,300 24,400 24,400 30,400
5/8-18 0.256 8,450 15,400 14,100 18,900 16,600 29,400 21,800 30,700 21,800 30,700 30,700 38,400
3-4-16 0.373 12,300 22,400 20,500 27,600 24,200 42,900 31,700 44,800 - - 44,800 56,000
7/8-14 0.509 16,800 30,500 16,800 30,500 33,100 58,500 43,300 61,100 - - 61,100 76,400
1-12 0.663 21,900 39,800 21,900 39,800 43,100 76,200 56,400 79,600 - - 79,600 99,400
1 -14 UNS 0.679 22,400 40,700 22,400 40,700 44,100 78,100 57,700 81,500 - - 81,500 1,01,900
1-1/8-12 0.856 28,200 51,400 28,200 51,400 55,600 98,400 63,300 89,900 - - 1,02,700 1,28,400
1-1/4-12 1.073 35,400 64,400 35,400 64,400 69,700 1,23,400 79,400 1,12,700 - - 1,28,800 1,61,000
1-3/8-12 1.315 43,400 78,900 43,400 78,900 85,500 1,51,200 97,300 1,38,100 - - 1,57,800 1,97,200
1-1/2-12 1.581 52,200 94,900 52,200 94,900 1,02,800 1,81,800 1,17,000 1,66,000 - - 1,89,700 2,37,200
  • Proof loads and tensile strengths are computed by multiplying the proof load stresses and tensile strength stresses given in Table 1 by the stress area of the thread.
    The stress area of sizes and thread series not included in Table 5 may be computed from the formula:
  • A8 = 0.7854 [D - (0.9743/n)]2
    where D equals nominal diameter in inches and n equals threads per inch.
  • Grades 5.2 and 8.2 applicable to sizes 1/4 through 1 in.

SAE J429 Bolting Surface Treatment Specifications

SAE J429 Testing Standards

E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials.
F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets.
A788/A788M for Steel Forgings, General Requirements.
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection.
F2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered, Threaded, Steel Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Nuts.